2024 Advances in Nutrition

Regular consumption of nuts improves sperm parameters such as motility, vitality, and morphology, potentially promoting successful reproductive outcomes in healthy males.

The researchers in this study carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis, exploring the impact of nut intake on fertility outcomes. They sourced data from four databases: Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Scopus, from their inception until June 2023. The inclusion criteria for articles were humans of reproductive age who had consumed nuts for a minimum of three months, with any consequent fertility-related outcomes reported. The researchers undertook a random-effects meta-analysis to produce a collective estimate of the effect of nut consumption on four specific sperm characteristics: total motility, vitality, morphology, and concentration.

In this review and meta-analysis, the researchers involved four studies, evaluating a total of 875 participants, composed of 646 males and 229 females. For males, two randomized control trials involving 223 individuals revealed that a daily consumption of at least 60g of nuts led to an improvement in sperm motility, vitality, and morphology, compared to those consuming fewer nuts, though it did not affect sperm concentration. Conversely, the non-randomized studies could not discern an association between nut consumption and traditional sperm parameters in males, nor could they establish a link between nut intake and embryo implantation, clinical pregnancy or live birth in males and females undergoing Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART).

Nut Consumption and Fertility: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Cardoso BR, Fratezzi I, Kellow NJ

2023 Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine

Acupuncture may have a positive impact on clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF), although the results are limited by the heterogeneity of the current evidence.

This study aimed to assess the efficacy of acupuncture on embryo transfer in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). A total of 49 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 9422 women were analyzed. The results indicated that acupuncture had a significant positive impact on the clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and live birth rate (LBR) compared to the control groups (odds ratio [OR]=1.65 for CPR, 1.34 for LBR). Subgroup analyses showed that traditional acupuncture was more beneficial for women aged < 35 years, those receiving ≥ 3 sessions, and those with lower baseline CPR rates in the control group. However, significant heterogeneity was observed among the studies. In conclusion, while there were some benefits of acupuncture in improving CPR and LBR in IVF, the results should be interpreted with caution due to the variability in the current evidence.

Pregnancy Benefit of Acupuncture on in vitro Fertilization: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Zhang H, Zhang C, Ma P, Sun C, Sun C, Liu X, Pu Z, Lin Y, Liu B, Liu C, Yan S

2023 Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Gui Zhi Fu Ling Wan significantly reduced menstrual pain in primary dysmenorrhea patients with heat-burning blood-stasis syndrome, without notable adverse effects.

In the methodology, a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted. Eligible patients suffering from primary dysmenorrhea with heat-burning blood-stasis syndrome were randomly placed into two groups – one received Guizhi Fuling Wan, the other a placebo, administered twice daily across three menstrual cycles, with a 3-month follow-up. The primary measurement was the change in pain intensity from the beginning to the 6th month, gauged by using a Visual Analog Scale.

In the discussion of results, data showed that the pain intensity (measured using Visual Analog Scale) significantly decreased in the Guizhi Fuling Wan group compared to the placebo over the 6 month period. Secondary measurements also indicated a greater reduction in Cox Menstrual Symptom Scale, Self-rating Anxiety Scale, and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores in the Guizhi Fuling Wan group compared to the placebo. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups when measuring the Self-rating Depression Scale. Furthermore, no serious adverse events were observed during the trial.

Effect of Guizhi Fuling Wan in primary dysmenorrhea: A randomized controlled trial Luo Y, Mao P, Chen P, Li C, Fu X, Zhuang M

2022 Frontiers in Public Health

The study found that acupuncture as an adjuvant therapy for frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) in infertile women had positive effects on pregnancy outcomes.

The study investigates the effects of acupuncture as supplementary therapy for frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) in infertile women. It finds significant positive impacts on clinical pregnancy rate, biochemical pregnancy rate, endometrial thickness, and pattern. However, the evidence quality is considered unsatisfactory, prompting a call for more robust research and refined acupuncture protocols.

Effects of acupuncture on the pregnancy outcomes of frozen-thawed embryo transfer: A systematic review and meta-analysis Zhu C, Xia W, Huang J, Zhang X, Li F, Yu X, Ma J, Zeng Q

2022 Medicine

High prevalence of insomnia, anxiety, and depression among perimenopausal women, emphasizing the importance of exploring acupuncture as a potential green therapy for effectively addressing these interconnected issues.

This passage discusses the prevalence of insomnia among perimenopausal women, its association with anxiety and depression, and the potential of acupuncture as a green therapy for treating these issues. The passage outlines the objectives and methods of a systematic review aiming to evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture in improving sleep quality and alleviating anxiety and depression in perimenopausal women, highlighting the need for safer alternatives to conventional medications and the significance of such a study.

Can acupuncture improve sleep quality and anxiety among women during perimenopause? Ping Y, Liang C, Fan X, Zhang L, Ying D, Wang Z

2022 Journal of Integrative Medicine

Acupuncture, when used in conjunction with medicine or alone, appears to improve certain PCOS outcomes such as ovulation rate and recovery of menstrual cycle.

This overview consolidates existing systematic reviews (SRs) on the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for treating Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Methodological quality, risk of bias, and confidence in evidence were assessed from these SRs to guide clinical practice and future research directions. However, due to the inconsistency and low quality of evidence, a definitive conclusion regarding the benefits of acupuncture for PCOS remains elusive. Notably, though all included SRs suggest potential benefits, their conclusions are undermined by defects in individual SRs and the limited reliability of evidence. Acupuncture, when used in conjunction with medicine or alone, appears to improve certain PCOS outcomes such as ovulation rate and recovery of menstrual cycle. Adverse events are mild, and while some evidence points to favorable effects on various outcomes, confidence remains too low to draw firm conclusions. The review highlights methodological shortcomings in SRs' assessments and calls for robust future studies. These studies should feature pre-registered protocols, comprehensive literature retrieval, detailed statistical methods, thorough reporting of trial characteristics and funding sources, and strategies to address bias and heterogeneity. In spite of potential benefits, the current evidence's poor quality and inconsistencies necessitate further high-quality research to establish acupuncture's effectiveness and safety for PCOS definitively.

Efficacy and safety of acupuncture for polycystic ovary syndrome: An overview of systematic reviews Yang H, Xiao Z, Yin Z, Yu Z, Liu J, Xiao Y, Zhou Y, Li J, Yang J, Liang F

2022 Frontiers in Endocrinology

PCOS patients suggests that combining acupuncture with metformin might enhance pregnancy and ovulation rates, as well as improve insulin resistance.

The study initially screened 330 relevant articles, eventually including nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that met the inclusion criteria. These trials encompassed 1,159 patients with PCOS who underwent acupuncture or acupuncture combined with metformin treatment. Using the GRADE method, a "Summary of Findings" table was employed to evaluate the quality of evidence for various outcome measures. The main results indicated that acupuncture combined with metformin exhibited superiority over metformin alone in terms of pregnancy rate, ovulation rate, and HOMA-IR (insulin resistance). Subgroup analysis highlighted that diagnostic criteria and random methods contributed to heterogeneity in results.

However, the evidence's quality was predominantly low or very low due to study limitations, inconsistencies, and imprecisions. The intervention measures, such as acupuncture methods and treatment parameters, varied substantially among studies. Challenges in contacting original authors and incomplete information posed further limitations. The study suggested potential improvements in pregnancy rate, ovulation rate, and HOMA-IR with acupuncture combined with metformin, but these findings were subject to uncertainties related to diagnostic criteria and overall evidence quality. Consequently, the conclusive efficacy of acupuncture combined with metformin for treating PCOS remains uncertain due to the dearth of high-quality research. The study called for well-designed and well-executed RCTs to address this question under standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols for acupuncture and metformin.

Acupuncture combined with metformin versus metformin alone to improve pregnancy rate in polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis Chen X, Lan Y, Yang L, Liu Y, Li H, Zhu X, Zhao Y, Long C, Wang M, Xie Q, Li Z, Wu J

2022 Frontiers in Endocrinology

PCOS patients suggests that combining acupuncture with metformin might enhance pregnancy and ovulation rates, as well as improve insulin resistance.

The study initially screened 330 relevant articles, eventually including nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that met the inclusion criteria. These trials encompassed 1,159 patients with PCOS who underwent acupuncture or acupuncture combined with metformin treatment. Using the GRADE method, a "Summary of Findings" table was employed to evaluate the quality of evidence for various outcome measures. The main results indicated that acupuncture combined with metformin exhibited superiority over metformin alone in terms of pregnancy rate, ovulation rate, and HOMA-IR (insulin resistance). Subgroup analysis highlighted that diagnostic criteria and random methods contributed to heterogeneity in results.

However, the evidence's quality was predominantly low or very low due to study limitations, inconsistencies, and imprecisions. The intervention measures, such as acupuncture methods and treatment parameters, varied substantially among studies. Challenges in contacting original authors and incomplete information posed further limitations. The study suggested potential improvements in pregnancy rate, ovulation rate, and HOMA-IR with acupuncture combined with metformin, but these findings were subject to uncertainties related to diagnostic criteria and overall evidence quality. Consequently, the conclusive efficacy of acupuncture combined with metformin for treating PCOS remains uncertain due to the dearth of high-quality research. The study called for well-designed and well-executed RCTs to address this question under standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols for acupuncture and metformin.

Acupuncture combined with metformin versus metformin alone to improve pregnancy rate in polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis Chen X, Lan Y, Yang L, Liu Y, Li H, Zhu X, Zhao Y, Long C, Wang M, Xie Q, Li Z, Wu J

2022 Antioxidants

Kelulut honey, either alone or in combination with metformin or clomiphene, can alleviate oxidative stress and reproductive and metabolic abnormalities in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome.

To examine the effects of Kelulut honey (KH), metformin, and clomiphene on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with letrozole to stimulate symptoms of PCOS. The rats were then split up into six groups, each group undergoing a different kind of treatment for a period of 35 days, including KH alone, metformin alone, clomiphene alone, KH combined with metformin, and KH combined with clomiphene. The physicochemical characteristics of the honey were assessed using several tests, and its semi-volatile organic compounds were determined via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

KH and its combinations with either metformin or clomiphene were found to improve the hormonal profile and ease oxidative stress in the rats. However, while the treatments seemed to improve the oestrus cycle, they reportedly did not affect fasting blood glucose, insulin levels, or body weight in the test subjects.

Kelulut Honey Ameliorates Oestrus Cycle, Hormonal Profiles, and Oxidative Stress in Letrozole-Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Rats Kamal DAM, Ibrahim SF, Ugusman A, Mokhtar MH

2022 Medicinal Plants - International Journal of Phytomedicines and Related Industries

Chamomile can significantly improve menstrual regulation and decrease testosterone levels in women of reproductive age with polycystic ovary syndrome.

In this randomized clinical trial, 80 women of reproductive age diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome were divided into two groups – intervention and control. The intervention group was given a chamomile capsule three times a day over the course of 12 weeks. The control group received a placebo with the same prescription timing. The menstrual patterns and two androgens, testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone, were evaluated before and after this three-month period.

The primary outcome observed was a significant increase in the number of participants with normal menstrual cycles in the chamomile capsules user group. Alongside this, a major improvement in the number of menstrual cycles after chamomile therapy was seen. A noteworthy decrease was also observed in testosterone levels amongst women in the intervention group whereas there was no significant change in the level of hormone dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in either the intervention or control groups. This demonstrates that chamomile could potentially help regulate menstruation and decrease total testosterone levels in women struggling with polycystic ovary syndrome.

The effect of chamomile on menstruation pattern and serum androgens in polycystic ovary syndrome Heidary M, Dokuhaki S, Yazdanpanahi Z, Dabbaghmanesh MH, Emamghoreishi M, Akbarzadeh M

2022 PeerJ

The primary ingredient of Shenling Baizhu powder, Rutin, can improve polycystic ovary syndrome and postmenopausal osteoporosis by binding to the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor, thus inhibiting cell apoptosis.

In this study, the active ingredients of Shenling Baizhu powder were identified using a Chinese medicine database, and Rutin emerged as having the highest binding affinity to the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor. This was determined through molecular dynamics simulation, eliminating any ambiguity. Then, to assess the efficacy of Rutin, it was used therapeutically on ovarian granulosa and osteoblast cell lines, with varying concentrations to determine the optimum dosage.

Analyzing the results showed that the introduction of Rutin to both ovarian granulosa and osteoblast cell lines resulted in modified protein expressions, indicative of cellular adjustments. Specifically, expressions of the apoptosis-associated protein and the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor, among others, were decreased while the expression of protein Bcl-2 was increased. Moreover, cell proliferation was seen to significantly accelerate in both cell lines after treatment with Rutin.

Prevention of polycystic ovary syndrome and postmenopausal osteoporosis by inhibiting apoptosis with Shenling Baizhu powder compound Liang J, Bao A, Ma H, Dong W, Li W, Wu X, Li H, Hou H, Chen Y, Fu J, Shao C

2021 Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Acupuncture therapy on patients with recurrent implantation failure can improve the pregnancy outcome of patients. It is a relatively effective treatment with satisfactory safety and suitable for clinical application.

The aim of this analysis was to identify the efficacy and safety of acupoint stimulation therapy for RIF patients. The results of meta-analysis show that for the outcome measurements including clinical pregnancy rate, biochemical pregnancy rate, embryo implantation rate, and endometrial thickness, the use of acupuncture in the treatment group is higher than the sham or nonacupuncture group, in which the difference is statistically significant. These results are believable and reliable. The included studies are highly homogeneous and there is no obvious publication bias. However, large heterogeneity appears in the statistical analysis of the endometrial thickness. Moreover, there was no statistical significance in the number of embryo transfers and the type of endometrium.

The Effects of Acupuncture on Pregnancy Outcomes of Recurrent Implantation Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Li, M., Liu, Y., Wang, H., Zheng, S., Deng, Y., & Li, Y.

2021 Medicine

Acupuncture can effectively improve the post voided residual urine, maximal cystometric capacity, and bladder capacity for first voiding desire values of patients with urinary retention after hysterectomy.

There is insufficient evidence that acupuncture can increase the patient's MFR, BR, and UIR. However, acupuncture can effectively improve the PVR, maximal cystometric capacity, and bladder capacity for first voiding desire values of patients with urinary retention after hysterectomy. Although limited due to the quality and methodological limitations of the included studies, acupuncture can still be used as an effective and safe treatment for women with urinary retention after hysterectomy.

Efficacy and safety of acupuncture for urinary retention after hysterectomy Zhao Q, Yan C, Dan M, Jia H

2021 Reproductive BioMedicine & Society Online

Women receiving IVF perceived that acupuncture or sham acupuncture gave them a psychological advantage through increased relaxation, reduced psychological stress, and enhanced well-being and self-efficacy.

In this qualitative study, participants reported that compassionate care and an opportunity to rest during IVF, and especially following embryo transfer, had an emotionally important effect. All women in the trial underwent the same procedural practices which involved bed rest during needling, among other comforts. Some women described benefitting purely from this opportunity to rest quietly in a supportive environment amidst the maelstrom of IVF. There was also recognition that this ‘oasis’, albeit brief, was an important time for allowing the meaning of having an embryo transferred to ‘soak in’, and presented an oppportunity to ‘be in the moment’.

IVF, acupuncture and mental health: a qualitative study of perceptions and experiences of women participating in a randomized controlled trial of acupuncture during IVF treatment de Lacey S, Sanderman E, Smith CA

2021 Frontiers in Medicine

Adding acupuncture to conventional therapy may decrease the subsequent endometriosis risk in female rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Between 1998 and 2010, female subjects with RA were recruited from a nationwide database (5,736 patients; age ≥20 years). Enrolled patients included 2,407 acupuncture users and 2,407 nonusers randomly selected using propensity scores. The occurrence of endometriosis was recorded through the end of 2012. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) associated with acupuncture use.

Results: During the follow-up period, 35 acupuncture users and 94 non-users developed endometriosis, with incidence rates of 2.36 and 4.91 per 1,000 person-years, respectively. Acupuncture use was associated with a 55% lower endometriosis risk. Those who received high intensity acupuncture (≥15 packages) had the greatest benefit.

The results of multivariable analysis demonstrated that the use of acupuncture was related to a significantly reduced risk of endometriosis. In the subgroup analysis, the medium- to high-level intensity acupuncture use was found to possibly lessen the risk of having endometriosis for more than 70%. We discovered that the post-rheumatoid arthritis acupuncture use would significantly reduce the risk of endometriosis in a dose-dependent manner.

The Relationship of Acupuncture Use to the Endometriosis Risk in Females With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Real-World Evidence From Population-Based Health Claims Chen Wei-Jen, Livneh Hanoch, Hsu Chien-Hui, Hu Ying-To, Lai Ning-Sheng, Guo How-Ran, Tsai Tzung-Yi

2021 World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion

Acupuncture treatment for postpartum depression is effective and can improve Hamilton Depression (HAMD) Scale, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and serum estradiol scores.

Meta analysis was conducted in the literature in recent 10 years relating to clinical randomized controlled trials of acupuncture in treatment of postpartum depression, which provided references for acupuncture in treatment of postpartum depression.

Fourteen articles were included in this study, among which, acupuncture group was set as treatment group, and oral administration of fluoxetine as control group in 4 articles; acupuncture group was set as treatment group, and oral administration of maltodextrin granules as control group in 2 articles. The differences in the 6 articles were statistically significant, without interference from other compound factors.

Meta analysis on acupuncture for postpartum depression WANG, J., TAN, L., MEI, Q., ZHENG, Q., YANG, S., & MEI, Z.

2021 Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Acupuncture alone or traditional Chinese medicines (taken orally) in combination with western medicine significantly increased the pregnancy rate of PCOS patients and CAM was more effective than western medicine alone for improving hormone levels.

This review identified 13 RCTs involving 1,297 PCOS patients with abnormal endometrial status. This systematic review suggests that CAM has potential for improving endometrial thickness, endometrial type, serum hormone level, and pregnancy rate in PCOS patients. However, due to the limited quantity and the general low quality of the methodology of the included trials, more in-depth research is required before CAM can be applied more widely in clinical practice. Thus more rigorous double-blind, placebo-controlled trials should be conducted to confirm the efficacy of CAM in improving endometrial condition in PCOS patients.

Complementary and Alternative Medicine for the Treatment of Abnormal Endometrial Conditions in Women with PCOS: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Jiayu Hu, Wenhua Shi, Jiayue Xu, Shaoxuan Liu, Siya Hu, Wenjing Fu, Jing Wang and Fengjuan Han

2021 Acupuncture in Medicine

Acupuncture's potential in reducing menopausal hot flush frequency compared to sham acupuncture, and its similarity in impacting hormone levels to hormone therapy.

This study aimed to assess acupuncture's effectiveness and safety in treating menopausal hot flushes and its impact on hormone levels. Through meta-analyses of thirteen randomized controlled trials involving 1784 patients, it found that acupuncture reduced hot flush frequency compared to sham acupuncture, but didn't affect end scores of frequency or severity. Acupuncture demonstrated hormone level effects similar to hormone therapy. However, due to limited trial quality and quantity, further high-quality trials are necessary for definitive conclusions.

Effect of acupuncture on menopausal hot flushes and serum hormone levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis Liu C, Wang Z, Guo T, Zhuang L, Gao X

2021 Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

The addition of CHM to clomiphene may improve pregnancy rates.

The study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) for subfertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). They conducted a comprehensive search across databases and trials registries, ultimately including eight randomized controlled trials with 609 participants. The trials compared various interventions, such as CHM versus clomiphene, CHM plus clomiphene versus clomiphene alone, CHM plus other treatments versus those treatments alone. The evidence quality was generally very low, and the primary outcome of live birth rate was not reported. While some comparisons suggested potential benefits, such as the addition of CHM to clomiphene leading to higher pregnancy rates, the overall uncertainty and lack of consistent evidence hindered conclusive findings. The study underscores the need for well-designed trials focusing on live birth rates and safety indicators in assessing the use of CHM for subfertile women with PCOS.

Chinese herbal medicine for subfertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome Zhou K, Zhang J, Xu L, Lim CED

2021 Phytotherapy Research

Curcumin supplements have comparable effects to placebos in alleviating symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome and dysmenorrhea in young women.

In the methodology of this study, a randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was carried out. Women who were affected by both Premenstrual Syndrome and dysmenorrhea were enrolled and randomly assigned to either the curcumin or placebo group. Participants were given a capsule, containing either 500mg of curcuminoid or a placebo, once daily, starting from 7 days before menstruation and continuing till three days after menstruation. This was maintained for three continuous menstrual cycles.

As per the results, upon the completion of the trial, both the curcumin and placebo groups witnessed a significant decrease in the severity of Premenstrual Syndrome and dysmenorrhea symptoms, as evident by a decrease in the scores of the Premenstrual Syndrome Screening Tool and the visual analog scale. Therefore, curcumin was found to have similar effects to the placebo, in terms of relieving symptoms of both Premenstrual Syndrome and dysmenorrhea.

Effects of curcumin on menstrual pattern, premenstrual syndrome, and dysmenorrhea: A triple‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial Bahrami A, Zarban A, Rezapour H, Agha Amini Fashami A, Ferns GA

2021 Phytotherapy Research

Curcumin supplements have comparable effects to placebos in alleviating symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome and dysmenorrhea in young women.

In the methodology of this study, a randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was carried out. Women who were affected by both Premenstrual Syndrome and dysmenorrhea were enrolled and randomly assigned to either the curcumin or placebo group. Participants were given a capsule, containing either 500mg of curcuminoid or a placebo, once daily, starting from 7 days before menstruation and continuing till three days after menstruation. This was maintained for three continuous menstrual cycles.

As per the results, upon the completion of the trial, both the curcumin and placebo groups witnessed a significant decrease in the severity of Premenstrual Syndrome and dysmenorrhea symptoms, as evident by a decrease in the scores of the Premenstrual Syndrome Screening Tool and the visual analog scale. Therefore, curcumin was found to have similar effects to the placebo, in terms of relieving symptoms of both Premenstrual Syndrome and dysmenorrhea.

Effects of curcumin on menstrual pattern, premenstrual syndrome, and dysmenorrhea: A triple‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial Bahrami A, Zarban A, Rezapour H, Agha Amini Fashami A, Ferns GA

2021 American Journal of Reproductive Immunology

Various types of genital mycoplasma infections are significantly linked to female infertility.

The researchers carried out a systematic review of literature to study the connection between genital mycoplasma infection and female infertility. They used three electronic databases, PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL, to gather studies conducted between January 2000 and January 2020. They derived pooled odds ratios and confidence intervals from a fixed effects model to determine the likelihood of female infertility due to genital mycoplasma infection.

The gathered studies showed that women suffering from infertility had higher odds of having some form of genital mycoplasma infection. The meta-analysis included a total of eight studies from six different countries. Subgroup analysis indicated a significant relation of infertility with particular infections, namely, Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum. This key finding supports the development of guidelines targeting the diagnosis and treatment of these infections as a means to prevent female infertility.

The role of genital mycoplasma infection in female infertility: A systematic review and meta‐analysis Tantengco OAG, de Castro Silva M, Velayo CL

2020 Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

The current evidence suggests that acupuncture and moxibustion is more effective than ibuprofen or Fenbid in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea.

This overview provided a comprehensive overview of the evidence on the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture and moxibustion for PD. Evidence of moderate quality suggested that acupuncture and moxibustion had a positive effect on indomethacin or Fenbid in treating PD. Low-quality evidence showed that compared to NSAIDs, acupuncture and moxibustion could relieve PD related pain with less adverse effects, which needs to be further researched. The adverse effects related to the acupuncture and moxibustion were mild, and they included dizziness, fainting, or minimal bleeding after acupuncture.

Effectiveness and Safety of Acupuncture and Moxibustion for Primary Dysmenorrhea: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Jun Yang, Jun Xiong, Ting Yuan, Xue Wang, Yunfeng Jiang, Xiaohong Zhou, Kai Liao, Lingling Xu

2020 Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science

The present study indicated that acupuncture had an advantage over hormone replacement therapy in reducing serum FSH level and increasing serum E2 level in women with premature ovarian insufficiency.

Eight eligible RCTs with a total of 496 POI patients were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that there was a significant reduction in the basal serum FSH level and a remarkable elevation in the basal E2 level in the acupuncture group when compared with the control. Subgroup analysis showed that compared with HRT, a significant decrease in the FSH level was observed in both acupuncture alone and acupuncture plus HRT, while a remarkable elevation of E2 was only found in acupuncture plus HRT. There was no significant difference in the LH level between acupuncture and HRT, only one trial reported AMH, and no significant difference was found between acupuncture and HRT.

Acupuncture for premature ovarian insufficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis Yin, Yq., Xu, Hf., Fang, Yg. et al.

2020 European Journal of Integrative Medicine

Compared with western medicine, acupuncture significantly increased the pregnancy and ovulation rates, as well as reducing the rate of miscarriages among Chinese women with infertility.

Twenty-four eligible RCTs (n=2095) were included in this review. The NMA data showed that warm acupuncture had the highest chances of increasing the rate of pregnancy while acupuncture most positively affected the ovulation rate. On the other hand, a combination of acupuncture and moxibustion had the most significant improvement in endometrial thickness and could reduce the rate of pregnancy loss.

Effectiveness of different acupuncture for infertility: Overview of systematic reviews and network meta-analysis Zhang, J., He, Y., Liu, Y., Huang, X., & Yu, H.

2020 Deutsches Arzteblatt International

Acupuncture may be considered in patients with persistent, idiopathic vulvar pruritus.

Vulvar pruritus is a complex symptom of multifactorial origin, frequently affecting the patient’s quality of life. The treatment of patients with chronic pruritus (>6 weeks) is particularly challenging and often requires a multimodal strategy with an interdisciplinary approach. Besides the elimination of potential triggers and continuous lipid-replenishing basic care, antifungal agents and glucocorticoids are paramount. Medical professionals not specialized in the field should refer patients with refractory and/or suspicious lesions to an experienced gynecologist. A specimen should be obtained by punch biopsy for histological evaluation to rule out (pre-) malignant lesions.

It is central to the management of vulvar pruritus to offer a detailed discussion of the condition and treat patients with empathy. Their complaints should be taken seriously and patients should be informed about what could cause their symptoms and which treatment options are available for them.

Vulvar pruritus-Causes, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Approach Woelber L, Prieske K, Mendling W, Schmalfeldt B, Tietz HJ, Jaeger A.

2020 BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Acupuncture appeared to be beneficial for treatment and prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infections.

Five RCTs involving 341 participants were included. Methodological quality of studies and strength of the evidence were low to moderate. The chance of achieving a composite cure with acupuncture therapies was greater than that with antibiotics. The risk of UTI recurrence was lower with acupuncture than with no treatment and sham acupuncture.

Acupuncture appeared to be beneficial for treatment and prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infections, noting the limitations of the current evidence. Given the growing challenge of antibiotic resistance, there is a need for high-quality RCTs of non-pharmacological interventions such as acupuncture.

Acupuncture for recurrent urinary tract infection in women: a systematic review and meta‐analysis Qin X, Coyle ME, Yang L, Liang J, Wang K, Guo X, Zhang AL, Mao W, Lu C, Xue CC, Liu X

2020 Frontiers in Pharmacology

Herbal medicines were shown to normalize female hormones, diminish male hormones, recover the estrous cycle, ameliorate insulin resistance, and improve lipid metabolism in PCOS.

In this review, a total of 27 studies involving 22 herbal medicines exhibited beneficial effects on PCOS. Herbal interventions in the 27 studies comprised four compounds isolated from herbs (6 studies), nine individual herbal extracts (11 studies), and nine herbal formula decoctions (10 studies).

Herbal medicines were shown to normalize female hormones, diminish male hormones, recover the estrous cycle, ameliorate insulin resistance, and improve lipid metabolism in PCOS.

The mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of herbal medicines on PCOS are associated with anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, inhibition of autophagy and/or apoptosis, and ovarian NGF reduction.

Chinese herbal medicines can be considered as promising resources in the development of effective therapeutic agents for PCOS.

Therapeutic Effects and Mechanisms of Herbal Medicines for Treating Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Review Kwon Chan-Young, Cho Ik-Hyun, Park Kyoung Sun

2020 Complementary Therapies in Medicine

Acupuncture enhances Luteinized Unruptured Follicle Syndrome (LUFS) ovulation, hormone levels, artery characteristics.

This meta-analysis aimed to assess the overall effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for treating Luteinized Unruptured Follicle Syndrome (LUFS) using Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs). Ten studies with 715 participants were analyzed. Acupuncture, whether used alone or alongside other treatments, significantly improved ovulation rates, as confirmed by Trial Sequential Analysis. However, evidence regarding acupuncture's impact on pregnancy rates was insufficient. The studies also showed improvements in hormone levels and ovarian artery characteristics. The level of evidence for most outcomes was rated as "low" or "very low," emphasizing the need for cautious interpretation. The conclusion suggests that acupuncture, either alone or in combination with drugs, is effective in improving ovulation in LUFS cases. However, due to limited concurrent evidence, further high-quality studies are required to strengthen these findings.

Effects of acupuncture on Luteinized Unruptured Follicle Syndrome: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Xiaojuan Liu, Wenying Shi, Zhifeng Liu, Shuqing Shi, Chao Ke, Peiming Zhang, Zhenyu Tan, Wei Zhang

2020 Explore: The Journal of Science & Healing

Modified Tao-Hong Siwu Tang (MTST) appears more effective than non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and a combination of Tao-Hong Siwu Tang with oral contraceptives (OCs) offers benefits over OCs alone for treating primary dysmenorrhea.

This systematic review aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Tao-Hong Siwu Tang (TST) in treating primary dysmenorrhea. Conducted across various databases, the review identified five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) meeting inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed suggestive evidence that modified TST (MTST) might have a favorable effect compared to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in managing primary dysmenorrhea (RR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.37–1.72), with one RCT indicating MTST's superiority in reducing recurrence rates (RR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.15–0.63, P = 0.001). Furthermore, combining TST with oral contraceptives (OCs) appeared beneficial compared to OCs alone (RR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.02–1.79, P = 0.04). However, moderate evidence quality due to bias uncertainties and limited RCTs highlighted the need for cautious interpretation. The study emphasized the demand for alternative treatments, given NSAID and OC limitations, while stressing the need for rigorous large-scale trials to clarify TST's role in primary dysmenorrhea management.

Herbal medicine (Taohong Siwu Tang) for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea: A systematic review and meta-analysis Ji HR, Park KS, Woo HL, Lee MJ, Yoon JG, Lee HJ, Hwang DS, Lee CH, Jang JB, Lee JM

2020 International Urogynecology Journal

Antenatal perineal massage reduces severe perineal trauma and postpartum complications.

This meta-analysis of 11 randomized controlled trials involving 3467 patients found that antenatal perineal massage significantly reduces the risk of perineal tears and episiotomy, especially severe tears. Additionally, it leads to shorter second-stage labor, less postpartum perineal pain, and improved wound healing. While some heterogeneity and publication bias were noted, this study supports the routine recommendation of antenatal perineal massage for labor preparation, emphasizing its benefits in reducing perineal trauma and improving obstetric outcomes. Further research with larger sample sizes is encouraged to confirm these findings and explore additional benefits, such as postpartum sexual satisfaction and incontinence reduction.

Antenatal perineal massage benefits in reducing perineal trauma and postpartum morbidities: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Abdelhakim AM, Eldesouky E, Elmagd IA, Mohammed A, Farag EA, Mohammed AE, Hamam KM, Hussein AS, Ali AS, Keshta NHA, Hamza M, Samy A, Abdel-Latif AA

2020 BioMed Research International

Endometriosis and Adenomyosis can have impact on miscarriage risk in pregnancy.

The study analyzed 39 publications involving 697,984 women to assess the impact of endometriosis (EMS) and adenomyosis (AD) on miscarriage risk. Women with EMS showed increased miscarriage risk in spontaneous conception (SC), but similar risk in assisted reproductive technology (ART) compared to tubal infertility. AD was associated with higher miscarriage risk in ART. Sensitivity analyses supported these conclusions. EMS staging did not significantly alter miscarriage risk. Early-stage EMS showed higher early abortion risk. No significant associations were found between EMS and low birthweight, placental abruption, intrauterine growth restriction, or preeclampsia. EMS correlated with higher odds of antepartum hemorrhage, postpartum hemorrhage, preterm birth, placenta praevia, and stillbirth. SUP and DIE were linked to increased miscarriage risk, while OMA showed no significant association. The findings suggest the need for closer monitoring and follow-up for pregnant women with EMS or AD, particularly in early pregnancy. Standardized recording of EMS types, stages, and miscarriage timing is recommended for future studies.

Miscarriage on Endometriosis and Adenomyosis in Women by Assisted Reproductive Technology or with Spontaneous Conception: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Yangxue Huang, Xianhong Zhao, Yiyuan Chen, Jie Wang, Weilin Zheng, Lixing Cao

2019 Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

This systematic review shows that the overall effectiveness of acupuncture treatment of premenstrual syndrome is superior to that of sham acupuncture and related medications.

Results. A total of 15 studies, comprising of 1103 cases, were included. Overall, acupuncture significantly increased the effective rate of PMS compared with medicine and sham acupuncture. Subgroup analyses showed no significant difference among different intervention time to start acupuncture treatment. Among the acupoints involved in the treatment of PMS, SP6, LR3, and RN4 were the most commonly used.

The current meta-analysis reveals that acupuncture leads to better effective rate, but the intervention time has no significant effect on the efficacy of acupuncture treatment for PMS. SP6, LR3, and RN4 are the most commonly used acupoints in treating PMS. However, large-scale, case-control studies with rigorous designs are required to provide more accurate evidence.

Acupuncture for Premenstrual Syndrome at Different Intervention Time: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis Zhang J, Cao L, Wang Y, Jin Y, Xiao X, Zhang Q

2019 Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

This systematic review shows that the overall effectiveness of acupuncture treatment of premenstrual syndrome is superior to that of sham acupuncture and related medications.

Results. A total of 15 studies, comprising of 1103 cases, were included. Overall, acupuncture significantly increased the effective rate of PMS compared with medicine and sham acupuncture. Subgroup analyses showed no significant difference among different intervention time to start acupuncture treatment. Among the acupoints involved in the treatment of PMS, SP6, LR3, and RN4 were the most commonly used.

The current meta-analysis reveals that acupuncture leads to better effective rate, but the intervention time has no significant effect on the efficacy of acupuncture treatment for PMS. SP6, LR3, and RN4 are the most commonly used acupoints in treating PMS. However, large-scale, case-control studies with rigorous designs are required to provide more accurate evidence.

Acupuncture for Premenstrual Syndrome at Different Intervention Time: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis Zhang J, Cao L, Wang Y, Jin Y, Xiao X, Zhang Q

2019 Medicine

Acupuncture and its combined therapy may be effective for treating female infertility, however, the included studies are not robust enough to draw a firm conclusion.

Current evidence identified from this review suggested that acupuncture may be effective in the treatment of female infertility. The conclusion of this present review is limited by the low quality of the included studies. Future multicenter RCTs with rigorous methodological quality are needed to clarify the role of acupuncture in female infertility.

Acupuncture for infertile women without undergoing assisted reproductive techniques (ART) Yun L, Liqun W, Shuqi Y, Chunxiao W, Liming L, Wei Y

2019 Reproductive BioMedicine Online

Acupuncture may have a significant effect on clinical pregnancy rates, independent of comparator group, when used in women who have had multiple previous IVF cycles, or where there was a low baseline pregnancy rate.

Evidence suggests acupuncture may be effective when compared with no adjunctive treatment, with increased clinical pregnancies and live births, but is not an efficacious treatment when compared with sham controls. Future research should focus on different dosing acupuncture regimens, and exploration of the components of acupuncture that are contributing to improved reproductive outcomes. Increased understanding of these components may have broader application to the care and treatment modalities provided to women undergoing IVF. Further exploration of the effects of acupuncture for women with poorer IVF outcomes is warranted.

Acupuncture performed around the time of embryo transfer: a systematic review and meta-analysis Smith, C. A., Armour, M., Shewamene, Z., Tan, H. Y., Norman, R. J., & Johnson, N. P.

2019 Reproductive BioMedicine Online

Acupuncture may have a significant effect on clinical pregnancy rates, independent of comparator group, when used in women who have had multiple previous IVF cycles, or where there was a low baseline pregnancy rate.

Evidence suggests acupuncture may be effective when compared with no adjunctive treatment, with increased clinical pregnancies and live births, but is not an efficacious treatment when compared with sham controls. Future research should focus on different dosing acupuncture regimens, and exploration of the components of acupuncture that are contributing to improved reproductive outcomes. Increased understanding of these components may have broader application to the care and treatment modalities provided to women undergoing IVF. Further exploration of the effects of acupuncture for women with poorer IVF outcomes is warranted.

Acupuncture performed around the time of embryo transfer: a systematic review and meta-analysis Smith, C. A., Armour, M., Shewamene, Z., Tan, H. Y., Norman, R. J., & Johnson, N. P.

2019 Acupuncture in Medicine

The use of acupuncture as a monotherapy significantly improved the rate of pregnancy among the study participants compared with the use of clomiphene citrate alone.

The use of acupuncture in the treatment of infertility may be an appropriate alternative for some patients. To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis available to date that compares the use of acupuncture alone or together with clomiphene citrate versus clomiphene citrate alone in the treatment of anovulatory infertility. While some results were promising, their validity is limited by questionable methodological designs, lack of sufficient allocation concealment, inadequate sample sizes and limited long-term follow-up. As such, any results drawn from these studies should be interpreted with caution and applied with care to clinical practice.

Acupuncture and clomiphene citrate for anovulatory infertility: a systematic review and meta-analysis Gao R, Guo B, Bai J, Wu Y, Wu K

2019 BioMed Research International

Acupuncture could reduce Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) scores for postpartum depression.

Though our meta-analysis revealed that acupuncture had a lower efficacy compared to other antidepression treatments, symptoms of depression relief were observed in the majority of the studies analysed. These findings indicate that although the efficacy of acupuncture was lower compared to antidepressants, the benefits of acupuncture were still attractive to women with postpartum depression due to their negligible side-effects.

In summary, despite the limitations mentioned above, this current systematic review suggests that acupuncture could reduce HAMD scores. However, EPDS, clinical response, and serum estradiol levels were unaffected by acupuncture treatment. Furthermore, our analysis revealed that treatment efficacy was variable and depended on the control types used. Large-scale and well-designed RCTs are required before a conclusive statement could be made regarding the efficacy of acupuncture for the treatment of postpartum depression.

Effectiveness of Acupuncture Used for the Management of Postpartum Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Li W, Yin P, Lao L, Xu S

2019 BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

Acupuncture shows promise in improving endometrial receptivity and fertility outcomes in infertile women, but further high-quality research is needed to establish its effectiveness definitively.

This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of acupuncture in improving endometrial receptivity (ER) based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The review included RCTs of infertile women with low ER and excluded other causes of infertility or non-RCTs. The researchers conducted an extensive search through various databases up to August 2018 without language restrictions. After analyzing the collected data, they found evidence indicating that acupuncture may enhance pregnancy rate, embryo transfer rate, trilinear endometrium, endometrial thickness, and decrease resistive index, pulse index, and peak systolic velocity/end-diastolic blood velocity when compared with medication, sham acupuncture, or physiotherapy. However, the overall level of evidence was mostly very low or low. Despite the statistically significant results, the authors emphasize the need for more large-scale, long-term RCTs with robust methodologies to further validate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for women with low ER

Acupuncture in improving endometrial receptivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis Zhong, Y., Zeng, F., Liu, W. et al.

2019 DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Range of herbs like Cinnamomum verum, Trigonella foenum-graecum L., and Vitex agnus-castus, which can potentially address various PCOS-related concerns such as menstrual irregularities, obesity, and insulin resistance.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition marked by metabolic and reproductive disorders. Conventional pharmaceutical treatments have limitations, leading to the exploration of complementary and alternative options. Herbal medicine, rooted in traditional Persian and Chinese practices, has been employed for gynecological and infertility issues in PCOS patients. This study aims to globally review the use of herbal medicines for PCOS. Using databases like PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus, clinical trials and Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) were searched from 1990 to 2019. The findings reveal a range of herbs, including Cinnamomum verum, Trigonella foenum-graecum L., and Vitex agnus-castus, that can address various PCOS-related concerns like menstrual irregularities, ovulatory dysfunction, obesity, insulin resistance, lipid metabolism issues, and excess androgens. While some plants show promise as natural remedies, further studies are required to understand their mechanisms and ensure safety.

A comprehensive review of clinical studies with herbal medicine on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) Moini Jazani, A., Nasimi Doost Azgomi, H., Nasimi Doost Azgomi, A. et al.

2019 JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports

Breast massage eases pain and symptoms in breastfeeding problems.

This systematic review assesses the effectiveness of breast massage as a treatment for breastfeeding problems. It focuses on outcomes like pain reduction, increased milk supply, and resolution of issues like blocked ducts and mastitis. While breastfeeding is crucial for infant health, rates drop, and complications like mastitis contribute. The review covers studies from 1980 to 2017, including six diverse studies. Although outcomes varied due to different interventions and small sample sizes, all reported reduced pain. However, lack of detailed technique explanation and training hinder replicability. This research is valuable for healthcare professionals, suggesting a need for standardized measurement tools and more robust trials.

Effectiveness of breast massage for the treatment of women with breastfeeding problems Anderson L, Kynoch K, Kildea S, Lee N

2019 Journal of Pharmacopuncture

Chamomile shows promise in alleviating premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms.

This review examines the efficacy of chamomile in treating premenstrual syndrome (PMS), a condition characterized by physical and psychological symptoms. Eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) met the inclusion criteria out of 27 identified studies. Chamomile, known for its anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic, and anti-anxiety properties, showed promise in alleviating PMS symptoms. It was compared with Mefenamic Acid (MA), placebo, and no treatment, with positive results. While existing studies suggest chamomile's effectiveness, the authors emphasize the need for further trials with diverse forms and doses, larger populations, and longer durations. Chamomile, as a readily available herbal remedy, offers potential relief for PMS symptoms in women.

Efficacy of Chamomile in the Treatment of Premenstrual Syndrome: A Systematic Review Khalesi ZB, Beiranvand SP, Bokaie M

2018 Acupuncture in Medicine

Acupuncture appears to be effective for postpartum depression with respect to certain outcomes.

Nine trials involving 653 women were selected. The result of this meta-analysis demonstrated that the acupuncture group had a significantly greater overall effective rate compared with the control group. Moreover, acupuncture significantly increased oestradiol levels compared with the control group. Regarding the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores, no difference was found between the two groups.

Effectiveness of Acupuncture in Postpartum Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Li S, Zhong W, Peng W, Jiang G

2018 Medicine

Acupuncture might reduce menstrual pain and associated symptoms more effectively compared to no treatment or NSAIDs.

The results of this study suggest that acupuncture might reduce menstrual pain and associated symptoms more effectively compared to no treatment or NSAIDs, and the efficacy could be maintained during a short-term follow-up period. Despite limitations due to the low quality and methodological restrictions of the included studies, acupuncture might be used as an effective and safe treatment for females with primary dysmenorrhea.

The efficacy and safety of acupuncture in women with primary dysmenorrhea Woo HL, Ji HR, Pak YK, Lee H, Heo SJ, Lee JM, Park KS

2018 Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

There is potential of acupuncture combined with conventional treatment for treating female chronic pelvic pain.

This review suggests the potential of acupuncture combined with conventional treatment compared to conventional treatment alone for treating female chronic pelvic pain. However, there is insufficient evidence to conclude that acupuncture can be recommended as a complementary and alternative (CAM) treatment for women with CPP. To draw a firm conclusion, future studies should require not only lager, more rigorously designed RCTs but also research on different acupuncture treatment types.

Acupuncture Treatment for Chronic Pelvic Pain in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Sung SH, Sung ADM, Sung HK, An TEB, Kim KH, Park JK

2018 British Journal of Midwifery

Acupuncture in postpartum depression was at least as effective as fluoxetine hydrochloride, supporting the notion that acupuncture may be a safe and effective option.

Of the 1592 studies reviewed, three met the inclusion criteria for quantitative analysis. Two studies reported no significant differences between acupuncture and fluoxetine for depression, while the third reported significant improvements.

Acupuncture versus antidepressants in the management of postpartum depression: A systematic review Akari Komori, David Arthur, Samara Radford, Hsiewe Ying Tan, Li Zheng, Mira An, Rika Umeda, and Zhen Zheng

2018 Reproductive Health

Endometriosis, often seen as benign, is linked to infertility and metastatic cancer, and shows different risk factors and treatment responses in Asian and European-American women.

The research studied endometriosis in Chinese women, thoroughly examining genetic and environmental risk factors, diagnosis strategies, treatment methods and their effects. It particularly focused on the presence and impact of various genetic mutations and polymorphisms that may increase endometriosis risk in this demographic. Comparison was drawn between the data from Asian and European-American women, studying the contrast in risk factors and how each group responds to treatment.

In analysing their results, researchers discovered endometriosis, while largely viewed as a benign condition, may in fact be a significant cause of infertility and metastatic cancer and has links with immune system function. Furthermore, the comparative study revealed clear distinctions in risk factors and treatment responses between Asian and European-American female populations. Additionally, when examining the efficacy of Western medicine compared to traditional Chinese medicine for treating endometriosis in the Chinese population, noteworthy data were highlighted.

A review of the risk factors, genetics and treatment of endometriosis in Chinese women: a comparative update Dai Y, Li X, Shi J, Leng J

2018 Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Despite some indications of improved clinical pregnancy rates, the overall effectiveness of acupuncture as a treatment for couples with subfertility undergoing assisted reproduction therapy remains inconclusive and requires further high-quality research.

This abstract summarizes the findings of systematic reviews and meta-analyses assessing the effectiveness of acupuncture in treating couples with subfertility undergoing assisted reproduction therapy (ART). The review included eleven studies published between 2009 and 2017 and examined primary outcomes of live birth and clinical pregnancy, and secondary outcomes of ongoing pregnancy, miscarriage, and adverse events. The results suggest that acupuncture may improve the clinical pregnancy rate in ART patients. However, there was insufficient evidence to support its impact on live birth rate, ongoing pregnancy rates, or miscarriage, mainly due to the low quality of the included studies. The overall effectiveness of acupuncture in treating subfertility during ART remains uncertain, emphasizing the need for further high-quality research and well-reported trials.

Effects of Acupuncture on the Outcomes of Assisted Reproductive Technology: An Overview of Systematic Reviews Xi, J., Chen, H., Peng, Z., Tang, Z., Song, X., & Xia, Y.

2018 Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Despite some indications of improved clinical pregnancy rates, the overall effectiveness of acupuncture as a treatment for couples with subfertility undergoing assisted reproduction therapy remains inconclusive and requires further high-quality research.

This abstract summarizes the findings of systematic reviews and meta-analyses assessing the effectiveness of acupuncture in treating couples with subfertility undergoing assisted reproduction therapy (ART). The review included eleven studies published between 2009 and 2017 and examined primary outcomes of live birth and clinical pregnancy, and secondary outcomes of ongoing pregnancy, miscarriage, and adverse events. The results suggest that acupuncture may improve the clinical pregnancy rate in ART patients. However, there was insufficient evidence to support its impact on live birth rate, ongoing pregnancy rates, or miscarriage, mainly due to the low quality of the included studies. The overall effectiveness of acupuncture in treating subfertility during ART remains uncertain, emphasizing the need for further high-quality research and well-reported trials.

Effects of Acupuncture on the Outcomes of Assisted Reproductive Technology: An Overview of Systematic Reviews Xi, J., Chen, H., Peng, Z., Tang, Z., Song, X., & Xia, Y.

2018 Journal of Clinical Medicine

Traditional Chinese Medicine, particularly Jia Wei Xiao Yao San and Xiang Fu, is widely utilized in Taiwan for managing Polycystic ovary syndrome symptoms.

The study administered a comprehensive survey through the Taiwan National Health Insurance Program database to scrutinize the use of TCM in women diagnosed with PCOS between 1997 and 2010. Single herbs and herbal formulas, their utilization patterns, and the top commonly prescribed items among them, were analyzed to gauge the extent and pattern of TCM usage.

The analysis of the survey results revealed that a significant majority, around 89.22%, of women who were newly diagnosed with PCOS, sought TCM therapy. The single herb, Xiang-Fu, and the herbal formula, Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San, emerged as the most commonly used TCM treatments. Furthermore, it was observed that the top five commonly prescribed single herbs and herbal formulas showed potential in treating symptoms associated with PCOS.

Investigation on the Use of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in a Nationwide Prescription Database in Taiwan Liao WT, Chiang JH, Li CJ, Lee MT, Su CC, Yen HR

2018 Journal of Clinical Medicine

Aromatherapy (via inhalation, massage, or oral use) appears to be more effective than a placebo for pain reduction in primary dysmenorrhea.

The methodology of the study involved a comprehensive search for relevant data in eleven international databases, including some dedicated to Korean medical literature, until August 2018, with no restrictions on the language of publication. The focus was directed on randomized controlled trials holding aromatherapy as a potential treatment for pain reduction in primary dysmenorrhea, a common condition characterized by menstrual pain. Data mining and the evaluation of potential biases were handled by two independent reviewers.

The results indicated a consistent trend across trials: aromatherapy, whether applied through inhalation, massage, or oral intake, tended to have a positive effect on pain reduction when compared to a placebo control. It was also observed that the efficacy remained noticeable across different modes of implementation (inhalation, massage, or oral), suggesting that the therapeutic potential of essential oils was not necessarily restricted to one specific form of application. It is important to state that individual results varied; nevertheless, the general direction of the results remained consistent.

Aromatherapy for Managing Pain in Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials Lee MS, Lee HW, Khalil M, Lim HS, Lim HJ

2017 Acupuncture in Medicine

Acupuncture may increase the clinical pregnancy rate and ongoing pregnancy rate and decrease the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in women with PCOS undergoing IVF or ICSI.

Acupuncture may increase the CPR and OPR and decrease the risk of OHSS in women with PCOS undergoing IVF or ICSI. Further studies are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of acupuncture as an adjunct to assisted reproductive technology in this particular population.

Effectiveness of Acupuncture in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Undergoing in Vitro Fertilisation Or Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Jo J, Lee YJ

2017 Acupuncture in Medicine

Acupuncture may increase the clinical pregnancy rate and ongoing pregnancy rate and decrease the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in women with PCOS undergoing IVF or ICSI.

Acupuncture may increase the CPR and OPR and decrease the risk of OHSS in women with PCOS undergoing IVF or ICSI. Further studies are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of acupuncture as an adjunct to assisted reproductive technology in this particular population.

Effectiveness of Acupuncture in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Undergoing in Vitro Fertilisation Or Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Jo J, Lee YJ

2017 PLOS One

Acupuncture is non-inferior to hormone therapy or other applied relaxation therapies in alleviating the symptoms of menopause for its safety, non-invasive and especially considering the side effect of hormone therapy.

This meta-analysis of women with breast cancer confirms that acupuncture had no significant effect on the severity of hot flush, but did significantly alleviate the symptoms of menopause. We conclude that acupuncture is non-inferior to hormone therapy or other applied relaxation therapies in alleviating the symptoms of menopause for its safety, non-invasive and especially considering the side effect of hormone therapy. Recent studies show that use of acupuncture does not correlate with increased levels of plasma estradiol. Considering the safety and lack of serious adverse effects associated with acupuncture, in contrast to hormone therapy, acupuncture should be considered for treating hot flush and menopause syndrome in women with breast cancer.

Effect of acupuncture on hot flush and menopause symptoms in breast cancer- A systematic review and meta-analysis Chien TJ, Hsu CH, Liu CY, Fang CJ.

2017 Complementary Medicine Research

Both the total score and the subgroup analysis strongly indicated that acupuncture can alleviate menopause-related symptoms.

Six studies were included. Our analysis found that acupuncture can reduce the MRS score in menopausal women by the end of the treating period (2-3 months, on average) and even in the follow-up period (1-3 months), not only in the total score but also in each subscale score. But the grade of evidence is very low.

Both the total score and the subgroup analysis strongly indicated that acupuncture can alleviate menopause-related symptoms. However, the evidence is not very strong. Thus, further studies about the efficiency of acupuncture on menopausal symptoms based on well-designed trials are needed.

Acupuncture May Improve Quality of Life in Menopausal Women: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Li W, Luo Y, Fu W, Lei R.

2017 BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

Acupoint-stimulation can relieve pain effectively in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea and offers advantages compared with treatment by NSAIDs.

The current evidence reveals that acupoint-stimulation in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea has some obvious advantages compared with treatment by NSAIDs. The advantages are that acupoint-stimulation can alleviate the symptoms of dysmenorrhoea, reduce the level of peripheral blood PGF2α and has fewer side effect, so it can be used to treat primary dysmenorrhea patients, especially individuals with NSAIDs contraindication.

Effects of acupoint-stimulation for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea compared with NSAIDs: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 19 RCTs Xu, Y., Zhao, W., Li, T. et al.

2017 Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics

Results support Wenjing decoction (a traditional Chinese medicine) clinical use in treating primary dysmenorrhea.

The study aimed to assess the clinical effectiveness of Wenjing decoction, a traditional Chinese medicine used for primary dysmenorrhea in East Asia, through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Using eight databases, the researchers conducted a comprehensive search and included 18 studies involving 1736 patients in the analysis. The results indicated that Wenjing decoction showed significant superiority over nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in improving primary dysmenorrhea based on clinical effectiveness rate, visual analogue scale, and pain scale for dysmenorrhea. These findings supported the use of Wenjing decoction for treating primary dysmenorrhea; however, the evidence quality was deemed low due to a high risk of bias in the included studies. As a result, the study emphasized the necessity for well-designed randomized controlled trials to further validate the efficacy of Wenjing decoction for treating primary dysmenorrhea

Wenjing decoction (herbal medicine) for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis Gao L, Jia C, Zhang H, Ma C

2017 Belitung Nursing Journal

Dark chocolate could reduce menstrual pain significantly in late adolescents.

This was a true experiment study with randomized pretest-posttest with control group design. This study was conducted from September to November 2016 at the Bhakti Husada Boarding School of Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang. There were 50 samples recruited by simple random sampling, with 25 randomly assigned to the experiment and control group. Numeric Rate Scale (NRS) was used to measure pain. Independent t-test and Mann-Whitney were used to examine the effect of intervention.

There were significant differences in menstrual pain (p <0.001) before and after treatment. The mean of menstrual pain in the treatment group (2.76 ) was lower than the menstrual pain in the control group (5.36) with p <0.001.

DARK CHOCOLATE’S EFFECT ON MENSTRUAL PAIN IN LATE ADOLESCENTS Maharani SI, Pramono N, Wahyuni S

2016 BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

Acupuncture was a feasible intervention and reduced threatened miscarriage symptoms when compared to a touch intervention.

Threatened miscarriage is a common complication of early pregnancy increasing the risk of miscarriage or premature labour. Currently there is limited evidence to recommend any biomedical pharmacological or self-care management, resulting in a ‘watchful waiting’ approach. The objective of this study was to examine the feasibility of offering acupuncture as a therapeutic treatment for women presenting with threatened miscarriage.

Acupuncture was a feasible intervention and reduced threatened miscarriage symptoms when compared to a touch intervention. Further research is required to further explore acupuncture use for this common complication and whether it can reduce the incidence of miscarriage.

Does acupuncture have a role in the treatment of threatened miscarriage? Findings from a feasibility randomised trial and semi-structured participant interviews Betts D, Smith CA, Dahlen HG.

2016 Neurourology and Urodynamics

Acupuncture has promising efficacy for patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome.

Three and four randomized controlled trials compared acupuncture with sham acupuncture (n = 101 vs. 103) and medical treatment (n = 156 vs. 138), respectively. The results revealed that acupuncture was superior to sham acupuncture as regards response rate, NIH-CPSI, and IPSS reductions, therefore, excluding the placebo effect. Compared to standard medical treatments, acupuncture had a significantly higher response rate.

Acupuncture has promising efficacy for patients with CP/CPPS. Compared to standard medical treatment, it has better efficacy. Thus, it may also serve as a standard treatment option when available.

The efficacy of acupuncture in managing patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: A systemic review and meta-analysis Chang SC, Hsu CH, Hsu CK, Yang SSD, Chang SJ

2016 Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics

Acupuncture improves the clinical pregnancy rate among women undergoing IVF and the IVF outcome results were significantly superior in the acupuncture group when acupuncture was conducted during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.

When the studies were restricted to Asian or non-Asian area patients, compared with traditional acupuncture and other methods, electrical acupuncture yielded better IVF outcomes. Optimal positive effects could be expected using acupuncture in IVF during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, especially in Asian area. However, as a limitation of this review, most of the included studies did not mention the number of embryos transferred.

Therapeutic effect of acupuncture on the outcomes of in vitro fertilization: a systematic review and meta-analysis Qian, Y., Xia, X.-R., Ochin, H., Huang, C., Gao, C., Gao, L., Cui, Y.-G., Liu, J.-Y., & Meng, Y.

2016 Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics

Acupuncture improves the clinical pregnancy rate among women undergoing IVF and the IVF outcome results were significantly superior in the acupuncture group when acupuncture was conducted during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.

When the studies were restricted to Asian or non-Asian area patients, compared with traditional acupuncture and other methods, electrical acupuncture yielded better IVF outcomes. Optimal positive effects could be expected using acupuncture in IVF during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, especially in Asian area. However, as a limitation of this review, most of the included studies did not mention the number of embryos transferred.

Therapeutic effect of acupuncture on the outcomes of in vitro fertilization: a systematic review and meta-analysis Qian, Y., Xia, X.-R., Ochin, H., Huang, C., Gao, C., Gao, L., Cui, Y.-G., Liu, J.-Y., & Meng, Y.

2016 Journal of Pain Research

Acupuncture could be tried as a complement in the treatment of pain in endometriosis as it is an overall safe treatment.

Based on the analysis in the presented review, there are grounds to believe that acupuncture can relieve pain in some patients. The effects of acupuncture as a pain-relieving treatment has in various studies been presented as an overall safe alternative treatment with very few and small (harmless) side effects, and furthermore with no effect on the environment. It could therefore also be regarded as a ‘sustainable’ treatment. In the future, studies designed for evaluating effectiveness between different types of treatment strategies, rather than efficacy design would be preferred to analyze treatment effects in individual patients.

Is acupuncture effective in the treatment of pain in endometriosis? Lund I, Lundeberg T

2016 Maturitas

Meta-analysis showed that Danggui Shaoyao San had superior effects compared to analgesics for treating primary dysmenorrhea.

A total of 746 potentially relevant studies were identified, and four RCTs met our inclusion criteria. All of the included RCTs had a high risk of bias across their domains. Three RCTs showed favourable effects of DSS on response rate compared with conventional medicine, and a meta-analysis showed that DSS had superior effects compared to analgesics. One RCT showed a beneficial effect of DSS on pain compared with placebo control. Our systematic review and meta-analysis provided suggestive evidence of the superiority of DSS over analgesics or placebo for dysmenorrhea. The quality of evidence for this finding was low to moderate because of a high risk of bias.

Herbal medicine (Danggui Shaoyao San) for treating primary dysmenorrhea: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Hye Won Lee, Ji Hee Jun, Ki-Jung Kil, Byong-Seob Ko, Choong Hwan Lee, Myeong Soo Lee

2016 Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem

The study's analysis of 272 articles comparing Traditional Chinese Acupuncture (TCA) and Sham Acupuncture (SA) for managing hot flashes in menopausal breast cancer patients indicates that while 3 studies leaned towards TCA's effectiveness, 2 showed both interventions to be beneficial.

The study encompassed the analysis of 272 articles from five selected databases, resulting in the inclusion of five manuscripts meeting the eligibility criteria. The primary focus was on comparing the efficacy of Traditional Chinese Acupuncture (TCA) to Sham Acupuncture (SA) in managing hot flashes among menopausal women with breast cancer. Among the selected studies, three indicated that TCA was more effective in reducing the frequency and intensity of hot flashes, while two found both interventions to be beneficial, though not significantly distinct. These studies exhibited considerable diversity in their designs, sample sizes, treatment durations, and acupuncture protocols. TCA appeared to hold promise in mitigating hot flashes, yet several methodological limitations and potential biases within the reviewed studies were noted. Consequently, there's a call for further comprehensive, large-scale, and long-term trials to elucidate TCA's true potential and overcome the limitations observed in the current body of research.

Effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Acupuncture versus Sham Acupuncture: a Systematic Review Carlos, Luís et al.

2016 European Journal of Integrative Medicine

Acupuncture may have a positive impact on recovering menstrual cycles, reducing BMI, and lowering luteinizing hormone (LH) levels in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the clinical effectiveness of acupuncture in treating polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) was investigated. The review included nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving a total of 531 women with PCOS. The analysis revealed that acupuncture showed promise in improving the recovery of menstrual cycles, reducing body mass index (BMI), and lowering luteinizing hormone (LH) levels among women with PCOS. However, caution is advised in interpreting these findings due to the limited methodological quality of the included RCTs. Despite the positive outcomes observed in certain parameters, further high-quality research is needed to establish the full scope of acupuncture's potential as a treatment for PCOS.

The effects of acupuncture on polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis Qu F, Wu Y, Hu XY, Barry JA, Zhou J, Wang FF, Ye YH, Zhang R, Han SP, Han JS, Li R, Taw MB, Hardiman PJ, Robinson N

2016 European Journal of Integrative Medicine

Acupuncture may have a positive impact on recovering menstrual cycles, reducing BMI, and lowering luteinizing hormone (LH) levels in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the clinical effectiveness of acupuncture in treating polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) was investigated. The review included nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving a total of 531 women with PCOS. The analysis revealed that acupuncture showed promise in improving the recovery of menstrual cycles, reducing body mass index (BMI), and lowering luteinizing hormone (LH) levels among women with PCOS. However, caution is advised in interpreting these findings due to the limited methodological quality of the included RCTs. Despite the positive outcomes observed in certain parameters, further high-quality research is needed to establish the full scope of acupuncture's potential as a treatment for PCOS.

The effects of acupuncture on polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis Qu F, Wu Y, Hu XY, Barry JA, Zhou J, Wang FF, Ye YH, Zhang R, Han SP, Han JS, Li R, Taw MB, Hardiman PJ, Robinson N

2016 Complementary Therapies in Medicine

SP6 acupressure's effectiveness for primary dysmenorrhea relief, indicating trained personnel-administered acupressure reduced pain immediately and up to 3 hours post-intervention

The review initially identified 72 potential studies, but after eliminating duplicates and conducting screenings, only 13 studies were considered for inclusion. The review is the most extensive to date on SP6 acupressure for primary dysmenorrhea (PD), indicating its effectiveness when administered by trained personnel for immediate pain relief, reduction of anxiety, and potential general health improvement. However, the evidence remains limited and mostly consists of low-quality trials. Patient-administered acupressure might be beneficial with extended monthly application, though high-quality trials are required for such recommendations. The study highlights the need for future trials to specify diagnostic criteria for PD, given the lack of clarity in the included studies. Despite limitations, the findings suggest that self-administered acupressure holds promise for relieving PD symptoms.

Effectiveness of SP6 (Sanyinjiao) acupressure for relief of primary dysmenorrhea symptoms: A systematic review with meta- and sensitivity analyses Abaraogu UO, Igwe SE, Tabansi-Ochiogu CS

2016 Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

The review found limited consistent evidence supporting the effectiveness of acupuncture for relieving menstrual pain compared to sham treatments or other interventions.

This passage provides a summary of the main results of a review on the effectiveness of acupuncture and acupressure in managing primary dysmenorrhoea (menstrual pain) in women. The review includes 42 trials involving 4640 women. The primary outcome, which is pain relief, showed no consistent difference between women receiving acupuncture and those receiving a sham control (simulated treatment). However, limited evidence suggested a benefit for acupuncture compared to NSAIDs, Chinese herbs, and other treatments. Acupressure had limited evidence of benefit compared to a sham control. Secondary outcomes, including menstrual symptoms and quality of life, did not consistently show a benefit from acupuncture. The trials had various limitations, such as incomplete reporting of outcomes, short follow-up periods, and variations in eligibility criteria. The quality of reporting was generally poor, and many trials were at high risk of bias. The overall quality of evidence for pain relief and menstrual symptoms was considered low. Other reviews on this topic found promising evidence for acupuncture, but results were influenced by methodological flaws in the trials.

Acupuncture for dysmenorrhoea Smith CA, Armour M, Zhu X, Li X, Lu ZY, Song J

2016 Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

The review found limited consistent evidence supporting the effectiveness of acupuncture for relieving menstrual pain compared to sham treatments or other interventions.

This passage provides a summary of the main results of a review on the effectiveness of acupuncture and acupressure in managing primary dysmenorrhoea (menstrual pain) in women. The review includes 42 trials involving 4640 women. The primary outcome, which is pain relief, showed no consistent difference between women receiving acupuncture and those receiving a sham control (simulated treatment). However, limited evidence suggested a benefit for acupuncture compared to NSAIDs, Chinese herbs, and other treatments. Acupressure had limited evidence of benefit compared to a sham control. Secondary outcomes, including menstrual symptoms and quality of life, did not consistently show a benefit from acupuncture. The trials had various limitations, such as incomplete reporting of outcomes, short follow-up periods, and variations in eligibility criteria. The quality of reporting was generally poor, and many trials were at high risk of bias. The overall quality of evidence for pain relief and menstrual symptoms was considered low. Other reviews on this topic found promising evidence for acupuncture, but results were influenced by methodological flaws in the trials.

Acupuncture for dysmenorrhoea Smith CA, Armour M, Zhu X, Li X, Lu ZY, Song J

2016 Journal of Herbal Medicine

Peppermint capsules can effectively reduce the severity of painful menstrual cramps in young women without causing any apparent change in pain duration.

This research was a double-blind clinical trial with 102 female students, who reported experiencing primary dysmenorrhea. Participants were evenly divided into two groups: one receiving three 330mg peppermint capsules per day and the other receiving identical placebo capsules filled with starch. The participants used their respective capsules from the first to the third day of their menstrual cycle. The assessment of pain level was done before the test run and over two successive menstrual cycles using a visual analog scale.

In the results, no substantial differences were seen between the two experimental groups in terms of pain duration and severity before the intervention. However, after the intervention, a significant reduction was found in the severity of pain among the group treated with peppermint capsules, while the placebo group showed no such change. The duration of pain did not present any significant differences between the two groups after the trial.

The effect of peppermint (Mentha piperita) capsules on the severity of primary dysmenorrhea Heshmati A, Dolatian M, Mojab F, shakeri N, Nikkhah S, Mahmoodi Z

2016 Mansoura Nursing Journal

Cinnamon shows significant positive effects in reducing the severity of physical symptoms of premenstrual syndrome among adolescent girls at Mansoura University.

The methodology used in this study was a quasi-experimental research design conducted at the nursing School of Mansoura University. The purposive sample was 150 students suffering from premenstrual syndrome, over the course of September 2012 to May 2013. The data was collected using three tools: a structured questionnaire, an assessment tool to gauge the severity of physical PMS symptoms, and a Likert scale to measure the level of student satisfaction after using cinnamon to relieve physical symptoms.

The results showed a significant reduction in the severity of physical PMS symptoms after the students regularly used cinnamon. A notable correlation was found between the decrease in symptom severity and the regular use of cinnamon. Furthermore, the study found that about three-quarters of the sampled students were satisfied with the use of cinnamon for symptom relief. These findings demonstrated the potential benefits of cinnamon in alleviating PMS physical discomfort.

THE EFFECT OF CINNAMON ON PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS OF PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS Hashim S, El-Sayed H, Wasel S

2015 Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies

Acupressure showed evidence of pain relief while acupuncture improved both the mental and the physical components of quality of life associated with primary dysmenorrhea.

This study involved three reviewers who dependently and independently performed study selection, quality assessment, and data extraction and management. Several interventions indicated statistical significance. Insights into the efficacies of the interventions were identified in correlation to themselves and with one another. The systematic review highlighted promising evidence in the form of studies done to establish the effectiveness of acupuncture and acupressure in the management of primary dysmenorrhea. However, the results were limited and had methodological flaws. The review and the meta-analysis indicated that acupressure significantly reduced the pain associated with primary dysmenorrhea and that acupuncture improved both the physical and the mental components of quality of life. The magnitude of these effects may or may not be clinically worthwhile, but as the costs and the risks of these interventions is low, these results may be clinically useful.

As Acupressure Decreases Pain, Acupuncture May Improve Some Aspects of Quality of Life for Women with Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis Abaraogu UO, Tabansi-Ochuogu CS

2015 The Journal of Sexual Medicine

Acupuncture appeared to reduce vulvar pain and dyspareunia with an increase in overall sexual function for women with vulvodynia.

This was the first randomized controlled pilot study to examine the use of acupuncture for the treatment of vulvodynia. The acupuncture protocol was feasible and in this small sample appeared to reduce vulvar pain and dyspareunia with an increase in overall sexual function for women with vulvodynia. This study should be replicated in a larger double-blinded randomized controlled trial.

Acupuncture for the Treatment of Vulvodynia: A Randomized Wait-List Controlled Pilot Study Schlaeger JM, Xu N, Mejta CL, Park CG, Wilkie DJ

2015 Menopause

Acupuncture improves hot flash frequency and severity, menopause-related symptoms, and quality of life (in the vasomotor domain) in women experiencing natural menopause.

Of 104 relevant studies, 12 studies with 869 participants met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study. We found that acupuncture significantly reduced the frequency and severity of hot flashes. Acupuncture significantly decreased the psychological, somatic, and urogenital subscale scores on the Menopause Rating Scale. Acupuncture improved the vasomotor subscale score on the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life questionnaire. Long-term effects (up to 3 mo) on hot flash frequency and severity were found.

This meta-analysis confirms that acupuncture improves hot flash frequency and severity, menopause-related symptoms, and quality of life (in the vasomotor domain) in women experiencing natural menopause.

Effects of acupuncture on menopause-related symptoms and quality of life in women in natural menopause: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Chiu HY, Pan CH, Shyu YK, Han BC, Tsai PS.

2015 Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation

We found pooled benefit of acupuncture for IVF when performed at follicle phase and 25 min before and after embryo transfer, as well as 30 min after embryo transfer and implantation phase.

Our study showed that acupuncture increased pregnancy rates when performed at follicle phase and 25 min before and after ET or 30 min after ET and after the implantation phase in the IVF process. However, there was no statistically significant difference in women undergoing IVF between treatment performed only around the time of ET, follicle phase or implantation phase. The study of Zheng et al. also showed that the pooled CPR result around the time of ET showed no significant differences between all acupuncture groups and the control groups. However, the CPR result of acupuncture performed around the time of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation showed a significant difference. The potential impact of acupuncture in the treatment of female infertility on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and on the uterus was significant, but the specific mechanism was still unknown.

The Role of Acupuncture in in vitro Fertilization: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Shen C.,Wu M., Shu D., Zhao X. and Gao Y.

2015 Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation

We found pooled benefit of acupuncture for IVF when performed at follicle phase and 25 min before and after embryo transfer, as well as 30 min after embryo transfer and implantation phase.

Our study showed that acupuncture increased pregnancy rates when performed at follicle phase and 25 min before and after ET or 30 min after ET and after the implantation phase in the IVF process. However, there was no statistically significant difference in women undergoing IVF between treatment performed only around the time of ET, follicle phase or implantation phase. The study of Zheng et al. also showed that the pooled CPR result around the time of ET showed no significant differences between all acupuncture groups and the control groups. However, the CPR result of acupuncture performed around the time of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation showed a significant difference. The potential impact of acupuncture in the treatment of female infertility on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and on the uterus was significant, but the specific mechanism was still unknown.

The Role of Acupuncture in in vitro Fertilization: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Shen C.,Wu M., Shu D., Zhao X. and Gao Y.

2015 Journal Of Medicine & Health

Consuming dark chocolate every day for two weeks before menstruation significantly reduced symptoms of premenstrual syndrome in women aged 18-22, showing improvements in anxiety, fatigue, abdominal cramps, bloating, and other related symptoms.

This research involved 30 women aged 18-22, using an experimental design with one group pre and post-test. Subjects consumed 20 grams of dark chocolate daily for two weeks before their menstruation period and reported their symptoms using a questionnaire. The data was analyzed using statistical tests to measure changes in individual PMS symptoms before and after eating dark chocolate.

The study found a highly significant decrease in anxiety symptoms and a statistically significant reduction in various PMS symptoms, including fatigue, abdominal cramps, bloating, diarrhea, headache, back pain, changes in appetite, muscle or joint pain, and concentration problems. However, there was a slight increase in acne complaints.

Black Chocolate Consumption Reduces Subjective Symptoms in 18-22 Years Old Females with Premenstrual Syndrome Nurazizah E, Tih F, Suwindere W

2014 Journal of Advanced Nursing

Acupuncture showed both clinically important changes and statistically significant results for management of low back and/or pelvic pain (LBPP) in pregnancy.

Eight studies were selected for full review. Two acupuncture studies with low risk of bias showed both clinically important changes and statistically significant results. There was evidence of effectiveness for osteopathy and chiropractic. However, osteopathy and chiropractic studies scored high for risk of bias. Strength of the evidence across studies was very low.

A systematic review investigating the effectiveness of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) for the management of low back and/or pelvic pain (LBPP) in pregnancy Close C, Sinclair M, Liddle SD, Madden E, McCullough JE, Hughes C.

2014 Acupuncture in Medicine

Acupuncture during pregnancy appears to be associated with few adverse events when correctly applied.

Of 105 included studies, detailed adverse events (AE) were reported only in 25 studies represented by 27 articles (25.7%). AEs evaluated as certain, probable or possible in the causality assessment were all mild/moderate in severity, with needling pain being the most frequent. Severe AEs or deaths were few and all considered unlikely to have been caused by acupuncture. Total AE incidence was 1.9%, and the incidence of AEs evaluated as certainly, probably or possibly causally related to acupuncture was 1.3%.

The Safety of Acupuncture during Pregnancy: A Systematic Review Park J, Sohn Y, White AR, Lee H.

2014 2014 IEEE Workshop on Electronics, Computer and Applications

Acupuncture shows promise in treating polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

This study explores the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture as a treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), an endocrine and metabolic disorder characterized by ovulation failure and hyperandrogenism. The research involves a systematic review of 317 papers from various databases, identifying six high-quality randomized clinical trials with a total of 587 participants. The review indicates that acupuncture appears to be a safe treatment for PCOS, showing a statistically significant improvement in the total effective rate compared to control groups. However, due to the relatively low level of evidence, the efficacy of acupuncture in PCOS treatment remains promising but not definitively established, highlighting the need for more high-quality research.

Acupuncture for polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis Hong Ma, Xiaohong Quan, Jianwei Li, Bin and Xiuhua Chen

2014 BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

Acupuncture and herbal medicine show promise in alleviating premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder symptoms, with over 50% relief and proven safety.

The passage discusses a review of studies focusing on the efficacy of acupuncture and herbal medicine in treating premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). The review identified and analyzed 19 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving acupuncture and herbal interventions. Acupuncture treatments encompassed various techniques, including traditional acupuncture, hand acupuncture, and moxibustion, while herbal interventions included Vitex Agnus castus, Hypericum perforatum, and other herbal remedies. Results showed that both acupuncture and herbal treatments led to a 50% or greater reduction in symptoms compared to baseline. The studies suggested that acupuncture and herbal treatments could alleviate physical and psychological symptoms of PMS/PMDD. The safety of acupuncture and herbal interventions was generally established, with minimal reported adverse events. However, the review emphasized the need for larger-scale, well-controlled trials to further validate these findings and guide clinical recommendations for specific symptom relief.

Effects and treatment methods of acupuncture and herbal medicine for premenstrual syndrome/premenstrual dysphoric disorder: systematic review Jang SH, Kim DI, Choi MS

2013 Medical Acupuncture

There is high-level evidence to support the use of acupuncture for treating major depressive disorder in pregnancy.

Six articles used the desired inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of research varied heavily. Five studies were properly randomized. Three were double-blinded. Three used individualized acupuncture. Four studies were of at least reasonable quality. One was of marginal quality, and one was of poor quality. There was a significant difference between acupuncture and at least one control in all six trials.

Acupuncture for Treating Anxiety and Depression in Women: A Clinical Systematic Review Sniezek DP, Siddiqui IJ.

2013 Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

Despite its widespread use during assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles, acupuncture does not appear to improve live birth or pregnancy rates in couples dealing with subfertility.

This passage discusses a meta-analysis that aimed to determine the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture as an adjunct to assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles for couples dealing with subfertility. The review included 20 randomized controlled trials, analyzing the impact of acupuncture on live birth rate, ongoing pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate, and side effects. The findings indicate that acupuncture did not show any overall benefit in improving live birth or pregnancy rates during ART cycles, regardless of whether it was performed around oocyte retrieval or embryo transfer. Additionally, acupuncture did not have significant side effects. The authors conclude that there is no evidence supporting the use of acupuncture to enhance live birth or pregnancy rates in assisted conception.

Acupuncture and assisted reproductive technology Cheong YC, Dix S, Hung Yu Ng E, Ledger WL, Farquhar C

2013 Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

Despite its widespread use during assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles, acupuncture does not appear to improve live birth or pregnancy rates in couples dealing with subfertility.

This passage discusses a meta-analysis that aimed to determine the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture as an adjunct to assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles for couples dealing with subfertility. The review included 20 randomized controlled trials, analyzing the impact of acupuncture on live birth rate, ongoing pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate, and side effects. The findings indicate that acupuncture did not show any overall benefit in improving live birth or pregnancy rates during ART cycles, regardless of whether it was performed around oocyte retrieval or embryo transfer. Additionally, acupuncture did not have significant side effects. The authors conclude that there is no evidence supporting the use of acupuncture to enhance live birth or pregnancy rates in assisted conception.

Acupuncture and assisted reproductive technology Cheong YC, Dix S, Hung Yu Ng E, Ledger WL, Farquhar C

2013 Human Reproduction Update

The meta-analysis indicates that while adjuvant acupuncture does not show a pooled benefit for in vitro fertilization (IVF) across all trials, it appears to have a more significant effect in trials with lower baseline pregnancy rates, warranting further investigation and confirmation in additional studies.

This passage presents a meta-analysis that aimed to assess the overall pooled effects of adjuvant acupuncture on in vitro fertilization (IVF) clinical pregnancy success rates, as well as identify factors that might explain the heterogeneity of results across trials. The analysis included 16 trials with 4021 participants and found no statistically significant difference between acupuncture and control groups when combining all trials or analyzing sham-controlled and no adjuvant treatment-controlled trials separately. However, the study identified baseline pregnancy rate as a significant effect modifier, with trials having lower control group pregnancy rates showing larger effects of adjuvant acupuncture. Overall, the meta-analysis did not find a pooled benefit of adjuvant acupuncture for IVF, but the potential benefit in trials with lower baseline pregnancy rates requires further exploration and confirmation in additional studies due to potential confounders and publication bias.

The effects of acupuncture on rates of clinical pregnancy among women undergoing in vitro fertilization: a systematic review and meta-analysis Manheimer, E. ., van der Windt, D., Cheng, K., Stafford, K., Liu, J. ., Tierney, J., Lao, L. ., Berman, B. ., Langenberg, P., & Bouter, L.

2013 Human Reproduction Update

The meta-analysis indicates that while adjuvant acupuncture does not show a pooled benefit for in vitro fertilization (IVF) across all trials, it appears to have a more significant effect in trials with lower baseline pregnancy rates, warranting further investigation and confirmation in additional studies.

This passage presents a meta-analysis that aimed to assess the overall pooled effects of adjuvant acupuncture on in vitro fertilization (IVF) clinical pregnancy success rates, as well as identify factors that might explain the heterogeneity of results across trials. The analysis included 16 trials with 4021 participants and found no statistically significant difference between acupuncture and control groups when combining all trials or analyzing sham-controlled and no adjuvant treatment-controlled trials separately. However, the study identified baseline pregnancy rate as a significant effect modifier, with trials having lower control group pregnancy rates showing larger effects of adjuvant acupuncture. Overall, the meta-analysis did not find a pooled benefit of adjuvant acupuncture for IVF, but the potential benefit in trials with lower baseline pregnancy rates requires further exploration and confirmation in additional studies due to potential confounders and publication bias.

The effects of acupuncture on rates of clinical pregnancy among women undergoing in vitro fertilization: a systematic review and meta-analysis Manheimer, E. ., van der Windt, D., Cheng, K., Stafford, K., Liu, J. ., Tierney, J., Lao, L. ., Berman, B. ., Langenberg, P., & Bouter, L.

2013 Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Limited evidence supporting the benefit of acupressure in alleviating menstrual pain and reducing symptoms.

The passage presents the results of a systematic review on the effectiveness of acupressure in treating primary dysmenorrhea, a condition characterized by painful menstrual cramps. The review started with 224 potentially relevant records, ultimately including 8 trials involving 800 participants. All trials used a parallel design with varying control interventions. Six trials employed no treatment controls, while two were single-blind clinical trials using placebo acupressure. The research locations varied, with the largest trial conducted in China, and the smallest in Iran. The analysis was performed individually for each trial using special software. The trials used fixed sets of acupressure points and administered acupressure for different durations (one, two, or three menstrual cycles). Pain relief was assessed using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) in six trials. The risk of bias assessment indicated high risks in various domains across the studies. In terms of effects, acupressure demonstrated an improvement in pain relief compared to placebo or rest control, and it was also more effective than Ibuprofen in one aspect. However, for improvement in symptoms, acupressure did not consistently outperform placebo acupressure or rest control, with mixed results across different time points. Overall, the evidence for the effectiveness of acupuncture in treating primary dysmenorrhea is considered limited due to methodological flaws in the trials, necessitating well-designed RCTs for more conclusive results.

Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials of Acupressure Therapy for Primary Dysmenorrhea Jiang H, Ni S, Li J, Liu M, Li J, Cui X, Zhang B

2013 Medical Acupuncture

Acupuncture's efficacy in treating gynecologic and obstetric disorders

This comprehensive review evaluates acupuncture's efficacy and safety in treating gynecologic and obstetric disorders. Examining systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials, the study addresses conditions like pregnancy-related pelvic and low-back pain, labor pain, primary dysmenorrhea, and menopausal symptoms. The results are inconclusive, with some evidence supporting acupuncture's potential in reducing pelvic and back pain during pregnancy and alleviating climacteric vasomotor symptoms. However, more rigorous research is necessary for definitive conclusions. Adverse effects were minimal. The review emphasizes the need for well-designed studies to enhance the precision and reliability of findings regarding acupuncture's therapeutic benefits in these disorders.

Efficacy and Safety of Needle Acupuncture for Treating Gynecologic and Obstetric Disorders: An Overview Selva Olid A, Martinez Zapata MJ, Sola I, Stojanovic Z, Uriona Tuma SM, Bonfill Cosp X.

2012 BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies have the potential to provide supportive care for women presenting with threatened miscarriage.

Within fertility research, acupuncture demonstrates beneficial hormonal responses with decreased miscarriage rates, raising the possibility acupuncture may promote specific beneficial effects in early pregnancy. With the lack of current medical options for women presenting with threatened miscarriage it is timely to examine the possible treatment benefits of providing CAM therapies such as acupuncture.

Acupuncture as a therapeutic treatment option for threatened miscarriage Betts D, Smith CA, Hannah DG.

2012 The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine

The meta-analysis suggests that acupuncture does not provide significant benefits in improving the outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatments.

The article conducted a systematic review with a meta-analysis of trials on acupuncture during in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment. The pooled analysis of 17 trials showed that acupuncture did not significantly impact clinical pregnancy, biochemical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, implantation rate, live birth, or miscarriage outcomes. Therefore, the study concludes that there are no significant benefits of acupuncture in improving IVF or ICSI outcomes.

Effects of Acupuncture on the Outcomes of In Vitro Fertilization: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Qu, F., Zhou, J., & Ren, R.-X.

2012 The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine

The meta-analysis suggests that acupuncture does not provide significant benefits in improving the outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatments.

The article conducted a systematic review with a meta-analysis of trials on acupuncture during in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment. The pooled analysis of 17 trials showed that acupuncture did not significantly impact clinical pregnancy, biochemical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, implantation rate, live birth, or miscarriage outcomes. Therefore, the study concludes that there are no significant benefits of acupuncture in improving IVF or ICSI outcomes.

Effects of Acupuncture on the Outcomes of In Vitro Fertilization: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Qu, F., Zhou, J., & Ren, R.-X.

2012 Fertility and Sterility

Acupuncture appears to improve clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate in women undergoing in vitro fertilization, but the choice of control used in studies may influence the outcomes.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of acupuncture on in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes. The study included 24 randomized controlled trials with a total of 5,807 participants. The acupuncture intervention groups used manual, electrical, and laser acupuncture techniques, while the control groups consisted of no, sham, and placebo acupuncture. The main outcome measures were clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and live birth rate (LBR). The analysis showed that the pooled CPR from all acupuncture groups was significantly higher than that from all control groups, indicating that acupuncture improves CPR and LBR among women undergoing IVF. However, the results differed when the type of control was considered, suggesting that the choice of control used in the studies might influence the outcomes. The Streitberger control, in particular, was found to have different effects compared to other controls. The authors concluded that more positive effects from using acupuncture in IVF can be expected if an appropriate control and more reasonable acupuncture programs are employed.

Effects of acupuncture on pregnancy rates in women undergoing in vitro fertilization: a systematic review and meta-analysis Zheng, C. H., Huang, G. Y., Zhang, M. M., & Wang, W.

2012 Fertility and Sterility

Acupuncture appears to improve clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate in women undergoing in vitro fertilization, but the choice of control used in studies may influence the outcomes.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of acupuncture on in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes. The study included 24 randomized controlled trials with a total of 5,807 participants. The acupuncture intervention groups used manual, electrical, and laser acupuncture techniques, while the control groups consisted of no, sham, and placebo acupuncture. The main outcome measures were clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and live birth rate (LBR). The analysis showed that the pooled CPR from all acupuncture groups was significantly higher than that from all control groups, indicating that acupuncture improves CPR and LBR among women undergoing IVF. However, the results differed when the type of control was considered, suggesting that the choice of control used in the studies might influence the outcomes. The Streitberger control, in particular, was found to have different effects compared to other controls. The authors concluded that more positive effects from using acupuncture in IVF can be expected if an appropriate control and more reasonable acupuncture programs are employed.

Effects of acupuncture on pregnancy rates in women undergoing in vitro fertilization: a systematic review and meta-analysis Zheng, C. H., Huang, G. Y., Zhang, M. M., & Wang, W.

2011 BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Acupuncture seems promising for symptom improvement in women with premenstrual syndrome.

Ten RCTs were included in our review. The pooled results demonstrated that acupuncture is superior to all controls. A meta-analysis comparing the effects of acupuncture with different doses of progestin and/or anxiolytics supported the use of acupuncture. In addition, acupuncture significantly improved symptoms when compared with sham acupuncture. No evidence of harm resulting from acupuncture emerged. Most of the included studies demonstrated a high risk of bias in terms of random sequence generation, allocation concealment, and blinding.

Although acupuncture seems promising for symptom improvement in women with PMS, important methodological flaws in the included studies weaken the evidence. Considering the potential of acupuncture, further rigorous studies are needed.

Acupuncture for premenstrual syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials Kim SY, Park HJ, Lee H, Lee H

2011 BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Acupuncture seems promising for symptom improvement in women with premenstrual syndrome.

Ten RCTs were included in our review. The pooled results demonstrated that acupuncture is superior to all controls. A meta-analysis comparing the effects of acupuncture with different doses of progestin and/or anxiolytics supported the use of acupuncture. In addition, acupuncture significantly improved symptoms when compared with sham acupuncture. No evidence of harm resulting from acupuncture emerged. Most of the included studies demonstrated a high risk of bias in terms of random sequence generation, allocation concealment, and blinding.

Although acupuncture seems promising for symptom improvement in women with PMS, important methodological flaws in the included studies weaken the evidence. Considering the potential of acupuncture, further rigorous studies are needed.

Acupuncture for premenstrual syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials Kim SY, Park HJ, Lee H, Lee H

2011 Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

Acupuncture shows potential for reducing dysmenorrhoea scores in endometriosis patients.

Endometriosis is a prevalent gynaecological condition that significantly affects women's lives, often leading to chronic pelvic pain and dysmenorrhoea. However, the current management of pain in endometriosis is inadequate. Acupuncture has been studied in gynaecological disorders, but its effectiveness for pain in endometriosis remains uncertain. Researchers conducted a systematic review to determine the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for pain in endometriosis. Out of twenty-four identified studies on acupuncture for endometriosis, only one trial met the inclusion criteria. The study showed that acupuncture, particularly auricular acupuncture, may reduce dysmenorrhoea scores and be more effective than Chinese herbal medicine. However, due to the limited evidence from only one study, more well-designed, double-blinded, randomized controlled trials comparing various types of acupuncture with conventional therapies are needed to draw stronger conclusions about acupuncture's efficacy in managing pain in endometriosis.

Acupuncture for pain in endometriosis Zhu X, Hamilton KD, McNicol ED

2011 BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Acupuncture shows promise for alleviating PMS symptoms.

This review assesses acupuncture's effectiveness in treating premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Ten randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving women with PMS were analyzed. The results indicate that acupuncture outperforms controls, showing significant symptom improvement (pooled RR 1.55, 95% CI 1.33–1.80, p < 0.00001). A comparison with progestin and/or anxiolytics also favored acupuncture (RR 1.49, 95% CI 1.27–1.74, p < 0.00001). Acupuncture demonstrated superiority over sham acupuncture (RR 5.99, 95% CI 2.84–12.66, p < 0.00001), with no observed harm. However, the studies displayed notable methodological flaws, highlighting the need for further rigorous research to solidify acupuncture's potential in alleviating PMS symptoms.

Acupuncture for premenstrual syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials S-Y Kim, H-J Park, H Lee, H Lee

2011 Climacteric

Pumpkin seed oil supplementation may increase good cholesterol levels, lower diastolic blood pressure, and alleviate menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women.

In this pilot study employing a randomized, double-blinded and placebo-controlled design, 35 women that were either naturally menopausal or had prematurely entered menopause due to benign surgical intervention partook. Over the span of 12 weeks, participants received either pumpkin seed oil or wheat germ oil (serving as the placebo) at a dosage of 2 grams daily. Measurements of serum lipids, fasting plasma glucose, blood pressure and completion of a questionnaire regarding menopausal symptoms were taken before and after the supplementation period, and changes across these factors were evaluated.

Following supplementation, women who received pumpkin seed oil displayed increased concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (commonly known as good cholesterol) and a reduction in diastolic blood pressure. Additionally, there was a notable decline in the severity of menopausal symptoms, including hot flushes, headaches, and joint pain, thanks to this supplementation. Contrarily, symptoms of depression and feelings of being unloved heightened among women in the group that received wheat germ oil.

Improvement in HDL cholesterol in postmenopausal women supplemented with pumpkin seed oil: pilot study Gossell-Williams M, Hyde C, Hunter T, Simms-Stewart D, Fletcher H, McGrowder D, Walters CA

2010 Complementary Therapies in Medicine

Study finds acupuncture for PMS holds promise.

The effectiveness of acupuncture for treating premenstrual syndrome (PMS) remains uncertain. This study assessed nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on acupuncture's impact on PMS symptoms. Only two trials provided adequate information on sequence generation and allocation concealment. Four studies noted significant reductions in PMS symptoms with acupuncture compared to pharmaceutical treatment. Two trials reported improvements in primary symptoms for both acupuncture and herbal medication groups. Adverse events related to acupuncture were minimal, with only one case of a small subcutaneous hematoma reported. Overall, while the trials suggest potential benefits, methodological flaws limit the conclusive evidence for acupuncture in treating PMS.

Efficacy of acupuncture in management of premenstrual syndrome: A systematic review Seung-HunChoaJongwooKimb